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Most Repeated Topics In Jamb Biology Exam: Updated Guide (2025/2026)

The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Biology exam is an essential component for candidates aspiring to study courses in medicine, pharmacy, nursing, agriculture, and other biological sciences. With Biology being a vast subject, knowing the most repeated topics can help candidates streamline their preparation and maximize their chances of achieving high scores.

This updated guide for the 2025/2026 academic session highlights the most frequently tested topics, explains their importance, and provides tips for effective preparation. Whether you're taking the exam for the first time or retaking it, this guide will help you focus your efforts on the most crucial areas.

Why Focus on Most Repeated Topics?

JAMB often tests candidates on certain recurring topics within the Biology syllabus. These repeated topics provide valuable insights into the areas that JAMB prioritizes, and focusing on them ensures that you:

• Save Time: Concentrate on high-yield topics instead of spreading your efforts thin.
• Boost Confidence: Familiarize yourself with commonly tested questions.
• Score High: Increase your accuracy in tackling frequently tested areas.

Now, let’s dive into the most repeated topics in the JAMB Biology exam.

Most Repeated Topics in JAMB Biology

1. Cell Structure and Function

• Key Concepts:
  • Structure of plant and animal cells.
  • Functions of cell organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.).
  • Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • Cell division (mitosis and meiosis).
• Why It’s Important:

Cell biology forms the foundation of all biological processes, and questions on cell structure, functions, and division are frequently asked in JAMB.

2. Ecology

• Key Concepts:
  • Components of ecosystems (abiotic and biotic factors).
  • Food chains, food webs, and trophic levels.
  • Energy flow in ecosystems.
  • Ecological pyramids (pyramid of energy, biomass, and numbers).
  • Adaptation of plants and animals to their environment.
• Why It’s Important:

Ecology is a recurring topic that tests candidates’ understanding of the environment and its interdependent systems.

3. Reproductive Systems

• Key Concepts:
  • Male and female reproductive systems in humans.
  • Fertilization and development of the embryo.
  • Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and animals.
  • Pollination and seed formation in plants.
• Why It’s Important:

Reproduction is a core biological concept that JAMB frequently examines due to its significance in understanding life processes.

4. Genetics and Heredity

• Key Concepts:
  • Mendelian genetics (laws of inheritance).
  • Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
  • Sex-linked traits and disorders.
  • Mutation and genetic variation.
• Why It’s Important:

Genetics is a high-priority topic in JAMB because it connects theoretical knowledge with real-life applications in medicine and agriculture.

5. Photosynthesis and Respiration

• Key Concepts:
  • Process and importance of photosynthesis.
  • Light and dark reactions.
  • Factors affecting photosynthesis.
  • Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• Why It’s Important:

Photosynthesis and respiration are vital biological processes, making this topic a regular feature in JAMB Biology exams.

6. Evolution and Adaptation

• Key Concepts:
  • Theories of evolution (Darwin’s and Lamarck’s theories).
  • Evidence of evolution (fossils, homologous structures).
  • Natural selection and adaptation.
• Why It’s Important:

Evolution and adaptation are often tested in JAMB to assess candidates’ understanding of biodiversity and survival mechanisms.

7. Nervous and Hormonal Coordination

• Key Concepts:
  • Structure and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Reflex actions and sensory organs.
  • Endocrine glands and their hormones.
• Why It’s Important:

This topic is crucial for understanding the coordination of body systems, and it frequently appears in JAMB Biology questions.

8. Transport Systems in Plants and Animals

• Key Concepts:
  • Transport of water and nutrients in plants (xylem and phloem).
  • Circulatory system in humans (heart, blood, and blood vessels).
  • Lymphatic system.
• Why It’s Important:

Understanding transport systems is essential for studying life processes, and it is a favorite topic in JAMB Biology exams.

9. Classification of Living Organisms

• Key Concepts:
  • Taxonomy and hierarchy (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species).
  • Characteristics of major plant and animal phyla.
  • Binomial nomenclature.
• Why It’s Important:

Questions on classification test candidates’ ability to identify and categorize organisms, a skill critical in Biology.

10. Diseases and Immunity

• Key Concepts:
  • Types of diseases (infectious and non-infectious).
  • Causes, symptoms, and prevention of common diseases.
  • Immune response and vaccination.
• Why It’s Important:

This topic bridges Biology and practical healthcare, making it an essential part of the JAMB syllabus.

11. Excretion and Homeostasis

• Key Concepts:
  • Excretory organs in plants and animals.
  • Mechanisms of homeostasis (temperature regulation, water balance).
  • Osmoregulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
• Why It’s Important:

Excretion and homeostasis are key processes in maintaining life, and they are frequently tested in JAMB.

12. Nutrition

• Key Concepts:
  • Modes of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic).
  • Digestion and absorption of food in humans.
  • Nutritional requirements and deficiencies.
• Why It’s Important:

Nutrition questions assess candidates’ understanding of how organisms obtain and utilize nutrients.

13. Plant Anatomy and Physiology

• Key Concepts:
  • Structure of roots, stems, and leaves.
  • Water and mineral uptake in plants.
  • Transpiration and its significance.
• Why It’s Important:

This topic connects theoretical Biology with practical applications in agriculture.

Study Tips for JAMB Biology

1. Use the Official JAMB Syllabus: Focus on topics outlined in the syllabus to avoid wasting time on unnecessary material.
2. Practice Past Questions: Solve past questions to identify patterns and familiarize yourself with the exam format.
3. Create Study Notes: Summarize key points in each topic for quick revision.
4. Use Quality Resources: Study recommended textbooks and online resources for in-depth understanding.
5. Take Practice Tests: Regular testing helps improve speed and accuracy.
6. Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can enhance understanding and retention.
7. Focus on Diagrams: Pay attention to biological diagrams as they are frequently tested.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Neglecting the Syllabus: Always align your preparation with the JAMB syllabus.
2. Ignoring Repeated Topics: Focus on high-priority topics to maximize your score.
3. Skipping Diagrams: Many JAMB Biology questions include diagrams, so practice drawing and interpreting them.
4. Guessing Answers: Avoid random guessing—use the process of elimination.
5. Poor Time Management: Practice answering questions within the allotted time.

Conclusion

The JAMB Biology exam tests a wide range of topics, but focusing on the most repeated ones can give you a strategic advantage. By concentrating on areas like cell structure, ecology, genetics, and photosynthesis, you can improve your chances of scoring high marks. Use the tips and strategies outlined in this guide to prepare effectively. With consistent effort and a clear focus, you can excel in the 2025/2026 JAMB Biology exam and take a step closer to achieving your academic goals.