How To Sew With A Sewing Machine In Nigeria

Sewing is a valuable skill, especially in a country like Nigeria, where fashion is a significant part of the culture. The ability to sew with a sewing machine opens doors to numerous opportunities, whether it’s for personal use, starting a business, or joining Nigeria’s vibrant fashion industry. Mastering the use of a sewing machine may seem intimidating at first, but with the right guidance and practice, it becomes easier over time.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about sewing with a sewing machine, especially in the Nigerian context. We’ll cover the types of sewing machines available, basic sewing techniques, and how to troubleshoot common problems you might encounter while sewing.

1. Understanding the Types of Sewing Machines Available in Nigeria

There are different types of sewing machines available in the Nigerian market, ranging from manual, mechanical, to computerized machines. The one you choose will depend on your budget, skill level, and what you intend to sew.

a. Manual Sewing Machines

Manual sewing machines are common in Nigeria, especially in local tailoring shops. These machines require the user to operate a foot pedal or handwheel to drive the sewing mechanism. Manual machines are durable and affordable, making them a good option for beginners or those who need a sewing machine for basic sewing tasks. Brands like Butterfly are popular in Nigeria and widely used in many households and small businesses.

b. Mechanical Sewing Machines

Mechanical sewing machines are a step up from manual machines. They use electricity to operate but still require the user to control most of the settings manually. These machines are more versatile than manual ones, offering more stitch patterns and the ability to adjust stitch length and width. Mechanical machines are ideal for those who want more control over their sewing but don’t need the advanced features of computerized models.

c. Computerized Sewing Machines

Computerized sewing machines are high-tech machines that come with digital controls, pre-programmed stitches, and other advanced features like automatic needle threading and buttonhole making. They are more expensive than manual and mechanical machines, but they offer greater precision and efficiency. These machines are ideal for professional designers and tailors in Nigeria who want to take their sewing skills to the next level.

2. Essential Tools and Materials for Sewing

Before you start sewing with a sewing machine, you’ll need a few basic tools and materials. These items will make the sewing process smoother and more efficient:

• Fabric: Choose a suitable fabric depending on what you want to make. For beginners, cotton is an excellent choice because it’s easy to work with and widely available in Nigerian markets.
• Thread: Make sure to use quality thread that matches your fabric. Polyester thread is commonly used because of its strength and durability.
• Needles: Sewing machine needles come in different sizes and types. Ensure that you’re using the correct needle for your fabric. Heavier fabrics like denim require stronger needles, while lighter fabrics like chiffon need finer needles.
• Scissors: A good pair of fabric scissors is essential for cutting fabric neatly.
• Tape Measure: Used for taking measurements of fabric or the person you’re sewing for.
• Pins and Pin Cushion: These help hold fabric in place while you sew.
• Chalk or Fabric Markers: Useful for marking where to cut or sew on the fabric.
• Seam Ripper: This tool helps you undo stitches if you make a mistake.

3. Getting Familiar with Your Sewing Machine

Before you start sewing, it's important to understand the basic components of your sewing machine and how they work. Here are some key parts of a typical sewing machine:

• Spool Pin: This holds the spool of thread.
• Bobbin and Bobbin Case: The bobbin holds the thread for the underside of your fabric, while the bobbin case keeps the bobbin in place.
• Needle and Needle Plate: The needle sews the stitches, while the needle plate has guides to help you sew straight lines.
• Presser Foot: This holds the fabric flat while the needle sews through it.
• Foot Pedal: This controls the speed of the machine.
• Stitch Selector: Allows you to choose different types of stitches, like straight or zigzag stitches.
• Tension Dial: Adjusts the tension of the thread to ensure stitches are balanced and don’t pucker the fabric.

Step-by-Step Guide to Threading Your Sewing Machine

Learning how to thread your machine properly is one of the first skills to master. Incorrect threading can lead to tangled threads and poor-quality stitches.

1. Winding the Bobbin: Place the thread spool on the spool pin and thread the machine according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Place the bobbin on the bobbin winder and follow the machine’s guide for winding the bobbin.
2. Inserting the Bobbin: After winding the bobbin, insert it into the bobbin case. For most machines, this is located below the needle plate.
3. Threading the Upper Thread: Follow the thread path through the machine, ensuring that it passes through the tension discs and the take-up lever.
4. Threading the Needle: Pass the thread through the eye of the needle from front to back.
5. Drawing Up the Bobbin Thread: Turn the handwheel to lower and raise the needle. As the needle rises, it will catch the bobbin thread, pulling it through the needle plate. Pull both threads towards the back of the machine, and you’re ready to sew.

4. Basic Sewing Techniques

Once your sewing machine is threaded and ready, it’s time to start sewing. Here are a few basic techniques to help you get started:

a. Straight Stitch

The straight stitch is the most basic and commonly used stitch. It’s perfect for sewing seams and hems. To create a straight stitch:

1. Place the fabric under the presser foot, lower the presser foot to hold the fabric in place.
2. Set your machine to the straight stitch setting.
3. Start sewing by pressing the foot pedal gently. Guide the fabric with your hands as the machine sews.
4. Backstitch at the beginning and end of your seam to secure it. This involves sewing a few stitches in reverse before continuing forward.

b. Zigzag Stitch

The zigzag stitch is useful for finishing raw edges, preventing fabric from fraying, and sewing stretchy fabrics. To use the zigzag stitch:

1. Select the zigzag stitch on your machine.
2. Adjust the stitch width and length based on your fabric. Wider stitches are better for heavier fabrics.
3. Sew along the edge of your fabric to prevent fraying, or use it as a decorative stitch.

c. Hemming

Hemming is the process of folding the edge of the fabric and sewing it to create a neat finish. This is commonly done on the bottom edges of trousers, skirts, and sleeves.

1. Fold the edge of the fabric up about 1 cm and press it with an iron.
2. Fold it up again to enclose the raw edge, then press it again.
3. Sew a straight stitch close to the folded edge to secure the hem.

d. Sewing Buttonholes

Many sewing machines have a buttonhole setting. To sew a buttonhole:

1. Mark the position of the buttonhole on your fabric.
2. Select the buttonhole stitch and adjust the settings to match the size of your button.
3. Sew around the marked area to create the buttonhole.

5. Common Sewing Machine Problems and How to Fix Them

Sewing machines can sometimes present problems, especially if you're new to sewing. Here are some common issues and their solutions:

a. Thread Bunching or Tangling

This is often caused by incorrect threading or improper tension settings. Re-thread your machine, making sure that the thread passes through all the guides correctly. Also, check the tension dial and adjust it as necessary.

b. Skipping Stitches

If your machine skips stitches, the needle may be dull or damaged. Replace the needle with a new one and make sure you’re using the correct needle size for your fabric.

c. Needle Breaking

Needle breakage can occur if the needle is bent or if the fabric is too heavy for the needle size. Use a stronger needle for thicker fabrics, and avoid forcing the fabric through the machine.

d. Machine Jamming

If your machine jams, it could be due to lint or thread caught in the bobbin area. Turn off the machine, remove the bobbin case, and clean out any debris.

6. Tips for Mastering the Sewing Machine

• Practice Makes Perfect: Don’t rush the learning process. Start with simple projects like pillowcases or aprons to build your confidence.
• Watch Tutorials: There are many online resources, such as YouTube videos, that can help you visualize sewing techniques.
• Take Care of Your Machine: Regularly clean and oil your sewing machine to ensure it functions smoothly. Always follow the manufacturer’s maintenance recommendations.

Conclusion

Learning to sew with a sewing machine in Nigeria is a valuable skill that can lead to personal satisfaction, as well as business opportunities. By understanding the different types of machines, familiarizing yourself with their components, and practicing basic sewing techniques, you’ll be well on your way to becoming proficient with a sewing machine. Whether you’re looking to create custom garments or start a fashion business, sewing can open doors to creativity and entrepreneurship in Nigeria’s bustling fashion scene.